Zida zamagetsi makamaka zimatanthawuza zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito, zomwe zigawo za RCL ndizofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso ntchito.Global zigawo zamagetsi zadutsa magawo atatu chitukuko, China ndi lachitatu semiconductor makampani unyolo kutengerapo ndi thandizo ndondomeko dziko, watsala pang'ono kulowa mofulumira siteji chitukuko cha m'malo m'banja, pamodzi ndi Mokweza iterative wa luso lamagetsi, pakompyuta zigawo zikuluzikulu makampani ku kutsika kwapakati ndi kusinthika kwapamwamba, kuwonetsa mipata yambiri yachitukuko.
1 zida zamagetsi ndi chiyani
Zamagetsi ndi zinthu zomalizidwa zomwe sizisintha mawonekedwe a ma cell panthawi yopanga ndi kukonza, monga ma resistors, capacitors, inductors, ndi zina zambiri. zida zopanda pake, komanso chifukwa sizingasangalale ndi kukulitsa chizindikiro chamagetsi, kugwedezeka, etc., kuyankhidwa kwa chizindikiro chamagetsi sikungokhala komanso kugonjera, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti zigawo zongogwira.
Zigawo zamagetsi zimagawidwa m'magulu a kalasi ya dera ndi zigawo za kalasi yolumikizira, zigawo zamagulu am'dera zimakhala makamaka zigawo za RCL, zigawo za RCL ndi resistors, capacitors ndi inductors mitundu itatu, ndi zosintha, ma relay, etc.;Zigawo zamagulu olumikizirana zili ndi magawo awiri, imodzi yolumikizana ndi thupi, kuphatikiza zolumikizira, zolumikizira, ma board osindikizidwa (PCB), ndi zina, ndi zina za zida za RF, kuphatikiza zosefera, ma couplers Enawo ndi zida za RF, kuphatikiza zosefera. , ma couplers, resonator, ndi zina zotero.
Zida zamagetsi zomwe zimadziwika kuti "mpunga wamakampani amagetsi", zomwe mtengo wake wa RCL udawerengera 89% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi, ma capacitors, inductors, resistors amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi. .
Pazonse, zida zamagetsi monga zida zamagetsi zoyambira, ndi zida zam'munsi zam'munsi zimakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, voliyumu idachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuwonetsa kukula kwa miniaturization, kuphatikiza, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, zida za chip zakhala gawo lalikulu la RCL, kukhala dalaivala wamkulu wa chitukuko cha mafakitale.
2 Mkhalidwe wamsika
1, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zikupita patsogolo
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 2020, mliri watsopano wa korona wachira, kutsika kwa 5G, zamagetsi zamagalimoto ndi madera ena ofunikira, kupezeka kwazinthu, makampani adatsegula njira yatsopano yopitira patsogolo.Kukula kwa msika wamagetsi amagetsi a 2026 akuyembekezeka kukhala $ 39.6 biliyoni, 2019-2026 kukula kwapawiri pafupifupi 5.24%.Pakati pawo, chitukuko cha 5G, mafoni anzeru, magalimoto anzeru, etc., kukhala injini yaikulu kulimbikitsa kuzungulira kwatsopano chitukuko cha zipangizo zamagetsi.
Kuthamanga kwa teknoloji ya 5G kudzakhala 1-2 maulamuliro apamwamba kuposa 4G, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero chotumizira kudzayendetsa kuchuluka kwa zosefera, zokulitsa mphamvu ndi zipangizo zina za RF kutsogolo, ndikukoka kugwiritsa ntchito inductors, capacitors ndi zida zina zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito mafoni a m'manja zikupitirizabe kulemeretsa, kufunafuna mtheradi mu magwiridwe antchito ndi ntchito, kulimbikitsa chip, kuphatikizika kwa zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi ku miniaturization yachitukuko nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi pafoni imodzi. kuchulukirachulukira.
Makina owongolera mphamvu zamagalimoto anzeru, infotainment system, chitetezo chowongolera chitetezo ndi makina apakompyuta kuti apititse patsogolo luso loyendetsa magalimoto owonjezera akupitilizabe, kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa zamagetsi zamagalimoto kumapitilira kukwera.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zamagetsi zamagetsi kumapitilira 5,000, kuwerengera zoposa 40% ya mtengo wagalimoto yonse.
2, China kuti ifulumizitse kugwidwa kwa msika
Kuchokera pakugawa kwachigawo, mu 2019, China ndi Asia palimodzi zimatenga 63% ya msika wapadziko lonse wamagetsi amagetsi.Capacitor munda Japan, Korea ndi Taiwan oligopoly, kukana munda China Taiwan Guoguang lalikulu udindo, inductor munda kwa opanga Japanese monga lalikulu.
Zithunzi
Ndi kukweza kwa ogula zamagetsi, matekinoloje atsopano ndi ntchito 5G ophatikizana kuyendetsa kuwonjezereka kwa kufunikira kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagetsi, Japanese ndi Korea opanga zida zamagetsi ayamba kusintha njira zawo, mphamvu kupanga pang'onopang'ono anasamukira ku galimoto zamagetsi, mafakitale kalasi miniaturization wa mkulu- mphamvu, zinthu zoyezera kwambiri ndi zigawo za RF.
Japan ndi South Korea pakompyuta zigawo zikuluzikulu fakitale Mokweza kapangidwe mankhwala pa nthawi yomweyo pang'onopang'ono kusiya pakati ndi otsika msika msika, chifukwa cha kotunga ndi kufunika kusiyana pakati ndi otsika-mapeto, kuti mwayi chitukuko cha zoweta zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagetsi mabizinezi, zoweta zatulukira angapo apamwamba makampani, monga atatu mphete gulu (ceramic capacitors), Faraday Electronics (filimu capacitors), Shun Lo Electronics (inductors), Aihua Gulu (zotayidwa electrolytic capacitors), etc.
Ndi kuchoka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa opanga Japan ndi Korea ku msika otsika, mabizinesi apakhomo anayamba kufulumizitsa gawo la msika, opanga zoweta monga Fenghua, mphete zitatu, Yuyang, ndi zina zotero, apanga ntchito zatsopano zopangira mphamvu, zaka zitatu zotsatira. Kukula kwamphamvu ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu, kukuyembekezeka kufulumizitsa gawo la msika.
3 malo otentha
1, Chip multilayer ceramic capacitor makampani
Malinga ndi data ya China Electronic Components Industry Association, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa ceramic capacitor ukukula 3.82% pachaka mpaka 77.5 biliyoni mu 2019, kuwerengera mpaka 52% ya msika wapadziko lonse wa capacitor;Kukula kwa msika waku China Ceramic capacitor kudakula 6.2% kupitilira 2018 mpaka 57.8 biliyoni ya yuan, kuwerengera mpaka 54% ya msika wapakhomo;Pazonse, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso wapakhomo wa ceramic capacitor msika ukuwonetsa kukwera kokhazikika.
MLCC ili ndi ubwino wa kukula kwazing'ono, luso lapadera lapadera, ndi kulondola kwakukulu, ndipo ikhoza kuikidwa pamwamba pa PCBs, magawo osakanizidwa a IC, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimayankha kachitidwe ka miniaturization ndi kulemera kwa magetsi ogula.M'zaka zaposachedwa, mafoni anzeru, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, kuwongolera mafakitale, kulumikizana kwa 5G ndi mafakitale ena akukula mwachangu, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwakukulu kwamakampani a MLCC.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kukula kwa msika wa MLCC padziko lonse lapansi kudzafika pa 108.3 biliyoni mu 2023;Kukula kwa msika wa China MLCC kudzafika pa yuan biliyoni 53.3, ndipo chiwonjezeko chapachaka chidzakwera kuposa kuchuluka kwapachaka padziko lonse lapansi.
Makampani a MCLL padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi kuchuluka kwa msika ndipo apanga njira yokhazikika ya oligopoly.Mabizinesi aku Japan ali ndi mwayi wapadziko lonse lapansi woyamba, South Korea, United States, China ndi Taiwan mabizinesi ambiri mu echelon yachiwiri, ukadaulo wamabizinesi aku China komanso mulingo wa sikelo uli m'mbuyo mu echelon yachitatu.2020 msika wapadziko lonse wa MLCC mabizinesi anayi apamwamba ndi Murata, Samsung electromechanical, Kokusai, mphamvu ya dzuwa, gawo la msika la 32%, 19%, 12%, 10% motsatana.
Makampani otsogola apakhomo amakhala pamsika wazinthu zotsika komanso zapakati.Pali pafupifupi 30 opanga akuluakulu a MLCC ku China, omwe ali ndi mabizinesi am'deralo omwe akuimiridwa ndi Fenghua Hi-Tech, Sanhuan Gulu, Yuyang Technology ndi Micro Capacitor Electronics, omwe amapanga zinthu zazikuluzikulu zapakati komanso zazikulu zotsika mtengo komanso zaukadaulo zochepa.
2, Makampani opanga mafilimu
Ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga mphamvu zatsopano ku China, komanso motsutsana ndi maziko olimba achitetezo champhamvu komanso kuchepetsa umuna, makampani opanga mafilimu adakula kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2015, ndipo kukula kwake kudakhazikika pambuyo pa 2015, ndikupitilira kukula pafupifupi pachaka. 6%, kukula kwa msika ukufikira 9.04 biliyoni mu 2019, kuwerengera pafupifupi 60% ya msika wonse wapadziko lonse lapansi, kukhala woyamba padziko lapansi.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zadziko monga "kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni", msika watsopano wamagetsi waku China ukukulirakulira ndikubweretsa kukula kwanthawi yayitali pamsika wamakanema opanga mafilimu.Msika wamakanema amagetsi amagetsi atsopano akuyembekezeka kukula pa CAGR ya 6.1% kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2025, ndipo ifika $ 2.2 biliyoni mu 2025, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale msika wofunikira kwambiri wogula ma capacitor opanga mafilimu.
Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamakampani opanga mafilimu ndiwokhazikika kwambiri, ndi zabwino zodziwikiratu zamabizinesi akuluakulu.Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri komanso mtundu woyamba wa opanga mafilimu amayendetsedwa ndi mabizinesi aku Japan, Germany, Italy, United States ndi mayiko ena, ndipo mabizinesi apakhomo monga Farad Electronics ndi Copper Peak Electronics amasankhidwa ngati mtundu wachiwiri ndi wachitatu. .Mu 2019 msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wamakanema opanga mafilimu, Panasonic imatenga gawo lopitilira theka la msika, ndipo bizinesi imodzi yokha ku China, Farrar Electronics, ndiyo yomwe ili patsogolo, ikutenga 8% ya msika.
3, Chip resistor makampani
Pankhani ya chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo monga 5G, luntha lochita kupanga, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, ndi data yayikulu, ma chip resistors amapititsa patsogolo chitukuko kudzera m'mapulogalamu otsika, okhala ndi zida zamagetsi zoonda komanso zopepuka monga malo ogwiritsira ntchito, omwe amawerengera 44% ya msika, ndi madera ena akuluakulu akuphatikizapo magetsi ogula, magalimoto, mauthenga, mafakitale ndi asilikali.Kukula kwa msika wa chip resistors kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2020 kudakwera pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa $ 1.5 biliyoni kufika kupitilira $ 1.7 biliyoni, ndipo kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa chip resistor kukuyembekezeka kufika $ 2.4 biliyoni mu 2027.
Pakadali pano, makampani aku US ndi Japan akuwongolera msika wapamwamba kwambiri wa chip resistor, koma kutsika pansi sikokwanira.Makampani aku US ndi Japan amayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zolondola kwambiri, zomwe zimayang'ana njira zowonda kwambiri zamakanema, monga US Vishay ndiye wopanga wamkulu kwambiri wotsutsa kwambiri, pomwe Japan ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pamitundu ya 0201 ndi 0402 yolondola kwambiri. mankhwala.Kokusai waku Taiwan ali ndi gawo la 34% pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa chip resistor, zomwe zimatuluka pamwezi mpaka mayunitsi 130 biliyoni.
Mainland China ili ndi msika wawukulu wotsutsa chip wokhala ndi gawo laling'ono lamakampani am'deralo.Msika waku China umadalira mabizinesi ophatikizana ndipo zogulitsa kunja ndizokwera, ndipo opanga ma resistor ndi mabizinesi aboma omwe amasinthidwa kukhala makampani ophatikizana, monga Fenghua Hi-Tech ndi Northern Huachuang, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga gawo lotsogola mu chip resistor. makampani, kuchititsa lonse m'nyumba Chip resistor makampani unyolo ndi lalikulu koma si wamphamvu.
4, Makampani Osindikizidwa Ozungulira Gulu
Ndi luso lopitirizabe la zinthu zoyankhulirana zamagetsi, kufunikira kwa matabwa ofewa mu PCB kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira, mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwa matabwa ofewa mu mafoni a Apple kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa zidutswa 13 m'badwo wachisanu kufika ku zidutswa 30 tsopano, ndi kukula kwake. Padziko lonse lapansi PCB makampani akuyembekezeka kufika $79.2 biliyoni mu 2025. China PCB gawo msika kwa zaka zambiri za gawo lonse la woyamba, 2025 akuyembekezeka kupitirira $ 41.8 biliyoni, pawiri kukula mlingo wa 6%, kuposa lonse pafupifupi kukula. mlingo.
Mu China kusindikizidwa dera bolodi msika, madokotala waukulu anawagawa misinkhu mkulu, sing'anga ndi otsika atatu, kumunda mkulu-mapeto kwa ndalama zakunja, Hong Kong, Taiwan, ochepa kumtunda mabizinesi Chinese olamulidwa, mabizinezi ambiri zoweta mu likulu ndi luso. kuipa, makamaka lolunjika pa otsika mapeto mankhwala madera.
Malinga ndi magawo amsika amabizinesi amatha kuwoneka, msika wamakampani osindikizira aku China ndiwotsika, wakwera pang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa.2020 China makina osindikizira a board board CR5 ali pafupifupi 34.46%, poyerekeza ndi 2019 adakwera ndi 2.17 peresenti;CR10 ili pafupi 50.71%, poyerekeza ndi 2019 idakwera ndi 1.88 peresenti.
5, Electronic chonyamulira makampani
Kukonzanso kwamagetsi ogula pambuyo pa kutchuka kwa 5G, chitukuko cha nzeru zopangira komanso kukula kwachangu kwa magalimoto amagetsi kudzalimbikitsa kukula kwa msika wamagetsi onyamula tepi, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika wapadziko lonse wamatepi onyamula mapepala akuyembekezeka kukula ndi 4.1% chaka ndi chaka kufika 36.75 biliyoni mamita mu 2021. kufunikira kwa msika wa tepi wonyamula mapepala ku China kudzakula ndi 10.04% chaka ndi chaka kufika pa 19.361 biliyoni mu 2022.
Tepi yonyamulira yamagetsi ndi ya msika wa niche, ndi msika wazinthu zamagetsi kuti ubweretse kukula kwa msika wamagetsi onyamula tepi, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi ku China ndikokwera kwambiri.Zikuyembekezeka kuti mu 2021 kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wonyamula mapepala kudzakula ndi 4.2% pachaka kufika pa 2.76 biliyoni ya yuan, ndipo mu 2022 kukula kwa msika waku China wonyamula mapepala kudzakula ndi 12% pachaka mpaka 1.452 biliyoni. yuan.
Mabizinesi aku China, Japan, Korea ndi mayiko ena ndi omwe akutenga gawo lalikulu pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.Pakati pawo, mabizinesi aku Japan adayamba kale ndipo ali ndiukadaulo wotsogola;Mabizinesi aku South Korea adakula mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo malonda akunja akupitilira kukula;mabizinesi abwino kwambiri opangira zinthu atulukira m'modzi ku China ndi Taiwan, ndipo mpikisano wawo ukuyandikira pang'onopang'ono ndikupitilira mabizinesi aku Japan ndi aku Korea m'mbali zina.Gawo la JMSC pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa matepi onyamula mapepala lidzafika 47% mu 2020.
Makampani opanga matepi onyamula zonyamulira ali ndi chotchinga chachikulu cholowera ndipo mpikisano wapakhomo siwowopsa.Kuyambira chaka cha 2018, JEMSTEC ili ndi gawo lopitilira 60% la msika wapamsika wonyamula mapepala ndipo pafupifupi palibe mpikisano wam'deralo, koma ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zogulira mabizinesi akumtunda ndi malo ena ogulira ogula otsika ndipo sawopsezedwa mosavuta ndi omwe angalowe nawo m'malo.
6, Makampani opanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi
Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi makampani a MLCC oyendetsedwa ndi zodziwikiratu.MLCC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ogula zamagetsi, mauthenga, galimoto zamagetsi, zipangizo kunyumba ndi madera ena, panopa msika kukula kwa yuan oposa biliyoni 100, tsogolo akuyembekezeka kukhalabe pachaka pawiri kukula mlingo wa 10% mpaka 15%, kuyendetsa Electronics ceramics industry kukhala gawo lachitukuko chofulumira.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kukula kwa msika wa zida za ceramic ku China kuti apitilize kukula kwa 13% kapena kupitilira apo, akuyembekezeka kufika ma yuan biliyoni 114.54 mu 2023, malo otakata olowa m'malo.Domestic electronic phala bwino amapeza kuzindikira kwa kasitomala kuti akulitse kukula kwa msika;Domestic ceramic cleaver ikuphwanya maiko akunja, ikuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa voliyumu mwachangu;Nthawiyi, zoweta mafuta cell diaphragm mbale pachimake luso luso pang'onopang'ono anaulula.
Japan, United States ndi Europe zimatsogolera msika wapadziko lonse wamagetsi a ceramic, omwe akukhala pamsika wapamwamba kwambiri.Japan, ndi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo zamagetsi ceramic, kupanga mkulu ndi luso luso, occupies 50% ya gawo lonse msika, kutsatiridwa ndi United States ndi Europe, motero, kutenga 30% ndi 10% ya gawo msika.Japan SaKai pa msika wapadziko lonse wa 28%, adakhala woyamba, kampani yaku US Ferro komanso yochokera ku NCI yaku Japan idakhala yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.
Chifukwa cha zopinga mkulu luso ndi luso zotchinga, ndi China zamagetsi ziwiya zadothi makampani anayamba mochedwa, opanga zoweta mu luso, luso, mtengo-wowonjezera kuposa yachilendo odziwika bwino mabizinezi kusiyana n'zoonekeratu, mankhwala panopa makamaka anaikira otsika-mapeto mankhwala. dera.Tsogolo lokhala ndi pulogalamu yadziko lonse la R & D, ndalama zogulira msika, kukulitsa zochitika, kuchuluka kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi ndi zinthu zina zingapo zabwino, zithandizira mabizinesi aku China kuti asinthe pang'onopang'ono kupita kumayendedwe olondola kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-21-2022